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Overcoming Social and Economic Circumstances in Daughters of the Vicar - Literature Essay Samples

Despite his left-of-centre, Fabian society background, D.H. Lawrences early fiction displays little advocacy of political change. This is clearly not ignorance, but an opportunity to express concerns for the spirituality of man. If a man has a body, a mind and a spirit, then he may be naturally expected to satisfy his desires. But if he lives in a society, then his actions may be prevented or his desires repressed by economic restriction and/or social conditioning. Therefore, the process of emotional and spiritual emancipation must be facilitated by some sort of struggle against social and economic circumstances. Rather than improving these circumstances through revolution, Lawrence suggests in Daughters of the Vicar that they can be overcome if individuals have the courage to rise above these conditions via internal determination. This forms a quiet revolution that may bring about widespread change without the alienation or violence of political movements.Lawrences philosophy before the Great War, and around the time he wrote Daughters of the Vicar, is most apparent in the metaphysical contents of his Foreword to Sons and Lovers, which was expanded on in Study of Thomas Hardy. In the Foreword we begin to understand Lawrences conception of mutually enriching union between man and woman, whereby a man turns to a woman for nourishment as she holds more of the inventive life force (The Flesh) and he can then go forth and utter The Word through the products of his daily labour. The Foreword also sheds light on the instability of a characters actions, as they seem to be powered by forces outside of their control, especially at the points of union between Mary and Massey, and Louisa and Alfred. Whilst Daughters of the Vicar is not an illustration of a prescriptive philosophy, Lawrences metaphysic provides the story with a unity of purpose as all the characters operate within the boundaries of an energy that is more powerful than all the facets of mans existence on wh ich man prides himself: consciousness; will; the production of laws, useful objects, works of art, and so on. Man cannot understand or control this creative life energy, which is essentially unknowable. He is aware of it in the spontaneous life of the body, but his tendency to believe that the human mind is powerful enough to control or enrich that life within himself is an illusion.The existence of this metaphysic does not predestine characters, as they bear out the truth of the metaphysic in individual ways. Lawrence demonstrates how characters interact with their own psyche, the other characters and the society they live in to bring about unique situations, albeit containing truths relevant to everyone. Bare elements of life such as man and woman, law and love, dominance and servitude, reason and instinct, operate on everyone, but happiness is to be found by fusing these forces. This fusion will occur in mutually loving personal relationships, thereby encouraging the reader to ex amine the marriages in Daughters of the Vicar with an eye for the way social and economic concerns play a role in deflecting the individual searching for balance and happiness in life. The Study of Thomas Hardy is beneficial to considering a characters position in a social and economic world through the idea of the perfect situation where the spirit triumphs over these conditions in the creative process of love: ideally, the soul of a woman possesses the soul of the man, procreates it and makes it big with new idea, motion .We can see how Lawrence managed to isolate the social and economic factors that determine how life is led by his introduction of the principal family, the Lindleys. Lawrences target is not that of contemporary political activists (the aristocracy or capitalists who dominated industrial life), but rather the psychological illusion of social superiority, which is often mistaken as a class divide. In the case of the Lindleys, their perceived superiority is the domin ant factor in their presence throughout the story. Little history of Mr and Mrs Lindley is given by Lawrence, as his primary interest was, as the title suggests, the nature of their children. However, the reader can be left to assume that it is the economic circumstances of the Lindleys lives that determine their social outlook.Lindley is trapped in a situation whereby the small size and recent creation of his parish determines his income; this sum makes him resentful of his financial relation to his parishioners who would have traditionally earned less than him. He then creates a perceived superiority by distancing himself from his flock. The clearest insight into his behaviour is his visit to the Durants to deliver the Church almanac; he fails to sympathise with Mrs Durant over Alfreds decision to join the navy, and refuses Durants beer despite his thirst. Lindley seems to forget that his role as Vicar should be of one who possesses knowledge and spirituality, to be dispensed, as required, providing wisdom and guidance. Apart from failing to lead his parishioners to the service of God and their own salvation, Lindley earns their contempt rather than the respect that would set him apart within the community. Whilst the Lindleys may be poor, it becomes clear that if Lindley had a truly benevolent and spiritual character then he would be able to overcome the circumstances, which he may not have chosen, but is unavoidably restricted by. Unfortunately, Lindleys character is fixed throughout the story and his happiness is sacrificed to his egos belief in the importance of perpetuating artificially constructed social dogma. As this becomes apparent, the concerns of the reader change; Gradually Mr and Mrs Lindley lost all hold on life, and spent their hours, weeks and years merely haggling to make ends meet, and bitterly repressing and pruning their children into gentility, urging them to ambition, weighting them with duty .With opportunities limited in late ninetee nth century society, children not only inherited their parents social and economic world, but their outlook on life too. The distance and contempt, which characterises the villagers relationship with the Lindleys, continues with their children as they are paraded to Church every Sunday, evoking hate from the local children. Whilst Mary and Louisa seem to be introduced as simply a product of their parents repression, there are indications to the origins of independent characters. Mary is described as possessing a pure look of submission to a high fate; as Lawrences narrator does not maintain a fixed position and moves from omnipresence to speaking from the viewpoint of the characters, this description contains both prophetic irony and an indication of self-regard. Similarly ambiguous is Louisas portrayal as obstinate looking, which may be her attitude to her upbringing, or her surroundings. This is elaborated upon when her father tells his family of Alfreds enlistment, and Louisa tak es an oppositional stance; she looked up in protest and talks stubbornly [] as if taking opposite sides to her parents. As a result, Louisa reveals her character through her own, undramatic, actions. In this conversation Lawrence also introduces a trope, which will be repeated throughout the story to reveal and reiterate Louisa as an instinctive, primal creature who is open to sensations and eager to feel rather than deliberate on preconceptions: [Alfred] had made her feel warm. It seemed the days would be colder since he had gone (added emphasis).If Louisa has managed to develop a character independent of her parents with desires tuned more to the real world than to concepts, then the origin of this individuality remains obscure, if not completely hidden. In their first appearance, the reader is informed that Mary received as governess a few little daughters of tradesmen , whereas Louisa went among her fathers church-goers . This may have been a product of fate, but Louisas decisio n to go forth into the community (albeit for money) rather than receive shows a willingness to mix with what should naturally be her peers, thus affording her the opportunity to broaden her mind through experience rather than reason. This is confirmed when we learn that Louisa feels regret at the absence of Alfred, who must have been an acquaintance and later, when she attends to Mrs Durant we see that Louisa knew the ways of the working people . Having shown a willingness to venture, on her own, into other social environments we not only recognise the potential for children to break free from their parents dogma, but can affirm the belief that the source of this ability is something integral to character. Lawrence does not make this blatant, which allows the reader to track Louisas progress as a character from Vicars daughter to emancipated wife.Into this world of social snobbery, Lawrence introduces a new element in the form of Mr Massey. In Brian Finneys words, Massey is a grotes que embodiment of the rational mind and the moral will who, as a fixed character, provides the emotionally and spiritually impotent, but socially and economically acceptable, match for Mary. Masseys proposal to Mary is a culmination of all that promises unhappiness in a marriage. The episode forms a tragic instance of denying the soul and submitting wholly to an inhuman being . Lawrences metaphysic is most evident here, with Marys submission and Louisas response; here the sisters part spiritually as their destinies become clearer. Marys resignation to her fate seems to come from an almost suicidal desire to serve Massey who represents intellectual and legalised tyranny: She knew that Mr Massey was stronger than she, and that she must submit to what he was. [] she was in the grip of his mental, moral being . Masseys proposal shows the totality of his being, as cold is used on six occasions to describe their relations. His existence is displayed as an unforgiving and unstoppable forc e arising from the unbalanced elements of nature within his character. He displays the male in him, something cold and triumphant, asserting itself , Mary submits to being good and purely just, which reflects the inexorable, cold death, a taste of pure justice that Louisa senses in Massey when they visit the Durants. His powerful, rational mind having been rigorously trained for Roman Law at Cambridge, Massey has an overwhelmingly legal soul, lacking the combination of love necessary for happiness and progress. The language Lawrence uses to describe a disastrous marriage would not be misplaced in describing human disasters on a wider scale and draws a parallel between the potential destruction of the individual with the destruction of war or industry.Whilst this annihilation of Marys soul occurs through Masseys intellectual and moral force, her desire to cooperate is a product of her parents social and economic circumstances. When Massey asserts his will over the Lindleys by denying Mary a meal with her family, they feel the natural injustice, but suppress their anger: But no one said anything, because of the money that came to the vicarage from Mr Massey. Mr and Mrs Lindley have enslaved themselves; their unfortunate circumstances are ultimately a consequence of their spiritual bankruptcy. When Mary feels the days allotted out to her. And her family watched, this sadistic voyeurism from her parents suggests that they understand exactly what is happening and fully anticipate Marys sacrifice for social acceptability. The Lindleys are prepared for their daughter to lose her physical vitality; She had paid with her body [] She had bought her position in the world , this position leads her to live in shame [] isolated in the rectory, yet Mr Lindley thinks it would not be a bad match. Only Louisa stands free now, having questioned What right has that to be called goodness! and she now becomes the central concern of the story, as if Marys marriage caused if not a fatality a finality.Marys marriage seems to be just as important an event for Louisa as it does for Mary:So Miss Louisa stood isolated from everybody. She and Mary parted over Mr Massey. In Louisas eyes, Mary was degraded, married to Mr Massey. She could not bear to think of her lofty, spiritual sister degraded in the body like this. Mary was wrong, wrong, wrong: she was not superior, she was flawed, incomplete [] A new solitariness came over the obstinate Louisa, and her heavy jaw set stubbornly. She was going on her own way. But which way?Louisa becomes determined that she will not suffer the same fate as her sister; when she leaves the house during the Masseys visit she repeats the question Where am I going? in a literal sense, but in both cases, the answer for her is Alfred. Alfred has been introduced into the narrative in generally servile terms: [he] drew himself up to salute [] bowed his head with dignity. This servitude arises from believing the social chimera that Louisa a nd the Lindleys are superior, rather than the psychologically deeper will-to-serve that the previous conception of his character in Lawrences early version of the story Two Marriages suffered from. This ensures hope that Alfred can cast off his sense of inferiority to reveal his true self; Now he was not himself. He was the will which obeys set over against the will which commands [] He had ranked himself inferior, subordinate to her. This significantly differs from the extended background Lawrence details in Two Marriages, where he had never turned his thoughts to a girl, being never in a position to marry whilst his mother needed and monopolised him . From the moment Louisa leaves the vicarage the narrative moves towards its climax by Louisa and Alfred working against their social circumstances and offering a view of mutually rewarding personal union.Alfred emerges as a spiritually balanced individual only lacking in physical instinct because of his upbringing. The comparison with Masseys overpowering maleness is striking, for Alfred goes down the pit because that was the only way speedily to become a man, yet his mothers view is that he did not seem manly enough. Moreover, despite his perfect physical condition [,] he was uneasy and felt despicable among all his confidence and superiority of ideas, it is only his inability to respond to the urges of his body that prevents him from fulfilling Lawrences metaphysical ideal; Anything he would have given for this spontaneity and this blind stupidity which went to its own satisfaction direct . Unfortunately, Alfred is utterly committed to remaining with his mother, as it is the only truly satisfying relationship he has. Lawrence comments on mother-son relationships in the Foreword, stating that if that Woman be his mother, then is he her lover in part only: he carries for her, but is never received unto her for his confirmation and renewal, and so wastes himself away in the flesh . This repressive situation is ov ercome primarily through Mrs Durants death, but also through Louisas penetration of their seemingly sealed family unit. She inverts their social relationship by serving them both (rescuing and nursing Mrs Durant; washing and cooking for Alfred), which gives her great satisfaction; Miss Louisa felt glad she was admitted, even in an official capacity. She wanted to share their lives.Mrs Durants death brings Alfred to the crucial moment in his life, as he struggles to come to terms with his own life now he has no-one to serve: He could not escape from her, she carried him with her into an unformed, unknown chaos. When Louisa comes to call on him, Alfreds destiny lies in the balance, as his long trial begins. It seems as though he may submit to the social norm of visiting the pub and descending into the alcoholic stupor which will enslave him to his own social impotence. Louisa provides the dynamic force he lacks, she interrupts his excursion to the New Inn and offers herself to him as the decisive option that will bring him true happiness. Within the privacy of his home, Alfred and Louisa battle with their psyches until Louisa tellingly expresses her desire to stay with him. The exchange between them is filled with intense fear, as they are about to embark on a huge personal change. The imagery used by Lawrence is that of heat, fire and lightning, which not only contrasts with Masseys proposal to Mary, but also indicates the primal, fundamental and instinctive nature of their union. There are wild forces at work as they accept each other and this genuinely tremendous moment leads to a rebirth of Alfreds character and a solid confirmation of their future together:his brain reeled round, and felt himself falling, falling from himself, and whilst she, yielded up, swooned to a kind of death of herself, a moment of utter darkness came over him, and they began to wake up as if from a long sleep. He was himselfThe ending of the story should be viewed as the culminatio n of Lawrences belief in the ability of characters to overcome their social and economic circumstances and achieve progressive metaphysical union through sexual relationship. Lawrence completely revised the ending in Two Marriages, which results in Alfred and Louisa settling down and having children, but this not only suggests that their revolutionary acceptance of each other leads to a perpetuation of their social and economic lives, but also that their children will complete their spiritual evolution by possessing the education that Alfred lacks. By terminating the narrative after the Lindleys have been informed of the marriage, Lawrence confirms that the act of marriage is the important, climatic aspect of the story. More importantly, Alfreds decision to go to Canada and Mr Lindleys verdict that it really would be better, completes the break from social and economic ties, as the colonies provided opportunities for enterprising young men to make money, as well as having partially evolved societies where class was much less important than endeavour. In going to the vicarage to ask for Louisas hand, and also in deciding to emigrate, Alfred displays the courage that he significantly lacked throughout the story. Courage emerges as perhaps the facet of character which is the most necessary to break social and economic ties and probably the most difficult to obtain.BibliographyLawrence, D.H. Study of Thomas Hardy and Other Essays. Ed. Bruce Steele. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985.Lawrence, D.H. Sons and Lovers. Ed. Helen Baron and Carl Baron. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992.Lawrence, D.H. The Prussian Officer and Other Stories. Ed. John Worthen. Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1995.

Microeconomics ( Short Written Response ) Essay - 1358 Words

SOUTHERN CROSS UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET For use with online submission of assignments Please complete all of the following details and then make this sheet the first page of each file of your assignment – do not send it as a separate document. Your assignments must be submitted as either Word documents, text documents with .rtf extension or as .pdf documents. If you wish to submit in any other file format please discuss this with your lecturer well before the assignment submission date. Student Name: Sumit Sharma Student ID No.: 22654049 Unit Name: ECONOMICS AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS Unit Code: ECO82001 Tutor’s name: Badri Bhattrai Assignment No.: 2 Assignment Title: MICROECONOMICS ( SHORT WRITTEN RESPONSE) Due date: 5,DEC,2016 Date submitted: 5,DEC,2016 Declaration: I have read and understand the Rules Relating to Awards (Rule 3 Section 18 – Academic Misconduct Including Plagiarism) as contained in the SCU Policy Library. I understand the penalties that apply for plagiarism and agree to be bound by these rules. The work I am submitting electronically is entirely my own work. Signed: (please type your name) Sumit Sharma Date: 5 december 2016 Question 1 What is the midpoint method for calculating price elasticity of demand? How else can the price elasticity of demand be calculated? What is the advantage of the midpoint formula? Answer 1 Definition: Price elasticity of demand is a Theory of the relationship between a change in the quantity demanded of aShow MoreRelatedEconomic Cost versus Accounting Cost4283 Words   |  18 PagesProduction 7.1 Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? 7 Economic Cost versus Accounting Cost ââ€"  accounting cost equipment. 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Revenge By William Shakespeare s Hamlet - 982 Words

Revenge has caused the downfall of many a person. Its consuming nature causes one to act recklessly through anger rather than reason. Revenge is an emotion easily rationalized; one turn deserves another. However, this is a very dangerous theory to live by. Throughout Hamlet, revenge is a dominant theme. Fortinbras, Laertes, and Hamlet all seek to avenge the deaths of their fathers. But in so doing, all three rely more on emotion than thought, and take a very big gamble, a gamble which eventually leads to the downfall and death of all but one of them. King Fortinbras was slain by King Hamlet in a sword battle. This entitled King Hamlet to the land that was possessed by Fortinbras because it was written in a seal d compact. †¦our valiant Hamlet-for so this side of our known world esteem d him-did slay this Fortinbras. Young Fortinbras was enraged by his father’s murder and sought revenge against Denmark. He wanted to reclaim the land that had been lost to Denmark when his f ather was killed. †¦Now sir, young Fortinbras†¦as it doth well appear unto our state-but to recover of us, by strong hand and terms compulsative, those foresaid lands so by his father lost†¦ Claudius becomes aware of Fortinbras’ plans, and in an evasive move, sends a message to the new King of Norway, Fortinbras’ uncle. The king forbade Fortinbras to wage an attack against Denmark, and instead suggested he attack the Poles to vent his anger. Fortinbras agreed to the plan, but had no intentions ofShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet s Revenge1725 Words   |  7 Pages Thesis: Shakespeare s portrayal of Hamlet s revenge is not a worthy journey because he never finds his self worth, distracted between what will exemplify his purpose, and what will make him a failure in the memory of Denmark. 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Business Environment Relationship

Question: Differences in finance and banking systems between that country and home country and how these may affect your business and what countermeasures you may need? Any difference in legal systems between that country and home country and how these may affect your business and what countermeasures you may need? Answer: Introduction: In the contemporary business situation, before establishing a new business relationship in the existing market or enlarging the business into new market, it is very important to understand the environment to analyze whether it is suitable to for conducting the business or not. Business firms try to expand their operations to the foreign country for mitigating internal risks, diversify the product line, increase business scale and to cope with the domestic competition. Suppose an automobile company from UK market is trying to develop export relationship with Turkey. In this report, the researcher has discussed the range of factors that may provide influence on the business expansion strategy of the export company. Cultures of Turkey and their implications for business: In the recent years, culture has become one of the central point to conduct business in the international market (Kaufmann et al. 2004); (Burns, 2007). Language is plays another crucial role in doing business in the international market. Even though English is an international language, still many businesses like to make business deal in pre-dominating native language. The culture of Turkey includes some heterogeneous and a heavily diverse set of elements that has been drives especially from the Eastern Mediterranean region, South Eastern Europe and Central Asian traditions. The official language in Turkey is Turkish. No language other than Turkish taught to the domestic citizen as a mother language (Grint, 2008). So, before expanding business in Turkey, it is very important to acquire much ability to communicate in Turkish language. It will help them to avoid ethnic minorities to use their language. Religious view in the host country is another component and a very sensitive issue that needs to be taken into account by the exporting company. The religious view of Turkey is Islam as 95% of total populations are registered as Muslim. In order to avoid religious conflict, the export company needs to understand the basic theme of Islamic religion. Islamic view places huge prominence on the ethical value of human life. They always prefer ethically desi rable form of business and the modes of transaction. Given the nature of Islamic ethical codes, it would be desirable to focus on some specific principle of business and act accordingly (Henson, 2009). Friday is normally observed as the public holiday in Turkey and the company exporting there needs to consider this religious factor. Political and economic systems of Turkey and their implications for business: Political system: Political system of a country is a center for designing its economic and legal system. A country can be democratic or government centric or may be a collective society (Reynolds et al. 2004). Generally, democratic country is one government provides less interference on the firms activities. On the other hand, government centric economy is one where government encourages personal profits and acts for fulfilling the social needs in certain cases. The way to do business in an economy depends on the form of government. The current strength of the political system of Turkey is their liberalized government policy. Turkey is the supporter of liberal investment and trade policy that allows open or free trade among the countries (Scott, 2010). The political system in Turkey declined a custom union agreement in 1996 that allows many international business firms to expand freely and successfully in the Turkey market. The number of exporter rising at the rate of 15% every year and this allows the automobile company to flourish with their products in Turkey planet. However, one of the major challenge in Turkey is the increasing rate of terrorist attacks that has been occur in the country due to their Islamic extremist and Turkish militants that are generally linked with Al-Qaeda. This is a political disadvantage for doing business with Turkey as they may also be targeted by the terrorists. Economic system: Before launching business in Turkey, it is important for the exporting company to know the economic system of the country. There are mainly three types of economic systems that attempts to allocate economic resource efficiently and they are commercialized economy, command economy and mixed economy (Marquis Huston, 2009). The commercialized or market economy is dominated by the private ownerships and command economy is one where resource allocation depends on the government directives (Poon, 2000). Finally, mixed economy is a combination of the market and command economy where both forces act simultaneously to allocate economic resource. The economic system in Turkey characterized by mixed economic system that exhibits the feature of both market and command economy. In this economy, there are both private and public enterprises. However, it is the government who decides which sector can be opened up under private ownership and to what extent. Hence, the private ownership firms are bounded by the rules and regulations set by the government of the country. The ultimate purpose of government intervention is to bring benefits to the overall economy instead of certain section of the society (Rettab et al. 2009); (Nicolescu, 2011). The management team of the company should have an idea about the trends and economic environment of Turkey. The view of local government about the foreign exporter or the complementary to the foreign business decides how the government of Turkey will frame business opportunities for the exporter company, the regulatory laws and trade barriers. Nature of business systems in the chosen country that affect business operations: Business organization: Turkey is the sixteen largest economy in the world and sixth largest economy in Europe. Hence, it is high growth market for the investors as well as for export companies. According to the recent record, the growing population, its strategic location between Asia and Europe makes the country very attractive for the investor and business exporter to make their business activities in this region (Maitland, 2004). Presently it is responsible for 80% of the worlds import and 17th largest country in terms of PPP (Purchasing Power Parity). The economy is driven predominately and has extended enough space for the growth of automobile industry (Kennerley Neely, 2003). The key imported products in Turkey are chemical vessels, ships, automobile parts, home appliance and consumer electronics. Leadership: One of the biggest issues in facing international business executive is to build a global leadership pipeline. It has been reported that, the leadership strategy followed by the UK economy is different from that of in Turkey. The market leaders in Turkey have a very strong focus and skill set on their operational activities. The leadership strategy in Turkey provides strong focus on the operational process, hands-on management and managing the individual performance (EIU, 2010); (Palmer Hartley, 2006). Hence, to succeed in this first growing country, the exporting company needs to collect market data quickly and actively. If they define their market strategy clearly, they can hire, manage and train their individual quickly. Human Resource Management: As suggested by Baron (2010), the HRM practitioners are basically used as a guide for the HR functions to support sustainability in the business context. It outlines the business approach for maintaining the labor standard and other specific aspect of sustainability such as employer branding, employee volunteering and so on. The HRM activities in Turkey differs from the UK economy in terms of several grounds such as new HR skills requirements for sustainable HR practice, the minimum acceptability of HRM in different organizations etc. However, both businesses and society believes in delivering greater shareholders value and strong organizational performance over time. Change Management Principles: As the impact of globalization, the organizational change management has become permanent features of the business activities throughout the globe. In the new market situation, innovative technology, huge capital flow and investment demand and vast new market has becomes less predictable (Cherunilam, 2010). Thus, to meet these challenges, firms are becoming more sophisticated day by day. Business organizations in both the economy are coped up with the change management principle. The change management in the host country takes place via clear top-down directions. The change management principle in Turkey is basically culture centric where they believes that organizational culture is the basis for implementation of successful change management (Kogg Mont, 2012). Further, they also believe to involve each employee at each level of the business planning. Thus, the export company should focus on drawing emotional energy from the cultural aspect instead of changing this. It will help the m to enhance their export market in Turkey. Differences in finance and banking systems between these countries and their implications for business: The finance and banking system in Turkey is primarily characterized by Islamic Banking that believes Islam as its backbone. For them ethical philosopher and objectives plays a major role in their function. The banking system in Turkey differentiates their customers according to their religious views (Fries et al. 2003); (Bellia Pilato, 2012). It provides major importance to the Islamic customer and less on the others. It might create barriers for the export company to hold equity in these banks and make sufficient transaction if needed. The Islamic banking system also carried out operations like insurance, trading etc, which are also lies beyond the typical field of commercial banking. In addition to that, majority of the banks and other financial institute are chattered and regulated by the state of Turkey government. Banks in UK economy are not permitted enough to engage insurance and securities with Turley. So the export company cannot apply for credit standard to continue its bu siness with Turkey. Legal systems of Turkey and their implications for business: The legal systems are considered as an important element that affects international business expansion. The automobile company is establishing their business relationship with Turkey and thereby the legal system of Turkey has a huge impact upon the export company. In general, the legal system of for most of the countries combines three main kinds of legal system, namely, civil law, common law and religious law. civil law is based upon the detailed set of law that constitutes a code on how the law will be applied, the common law based on the tradition and the religious law based on the religious guideline (Hamilton Webster, 2012); (Jackson, 2010). Among these laws, the religious law provides direct impact on the business environment. As mentioned bin above, the religious view of Turkey is Islamic and thus the impact of religious law on business can be observed in terms of Islamic law. It believes on morality of the human life rather than commercial activities (Schaffer Schaffer, 201 2). With the concept of Islamic law, the business will be directly impacted in terms of interest. Many banks are offers lease back on assets or sale buyback or charge a large up front free. If the export company wants to borrow money from the bank, it can do that by selling its product at fixed price to the bank. So, the company has to comply with the Islamic law and find creative way to do business with Turkey. Ethical matter of Turkey that may affect the business strategy: The automobile company in UK market which in turn tries to adopt the responsibility of trade in Turkey by an ethical manner that incorporates their business standard, market and sales expansion, labor condition of their industry and their payment process (Worthington Britton, 2006); (Ward et al. 2005). The ethical consideration of the export company also includes respecting the Islamic view, removing the incidents of child labor, minimizing the gender discrimination and developing a fair trade that will help them to establish a strong and profitable relationship with Turkey. If the export company fails to meet the international labor law and the local legislation of the host country, it might hamper their global business expansion strategy. Thus, it is important for the company to imply the orders and code of conducts to be present and prevent discomforting situation. Conclusion: The current study focuses on the business environment of Turkey and its situational analysis regarding a particular automobile export company. The study comprises a details analysis about the economic, social, cultural and financial aspect that affects the business expansion strategy of the export company. Even though, Turkey presents long-term opportunities and excellent intermediate for the automobile firms, it also includes a range of challenges on the international firms, such as complex bureaucracy, political and economic instability, occasional civil demonstration, cultural imbalance and judicial system. Hence, before conducting business in this economy, it is crucial to understand the basic fundamentals of the economy through different economic situation to ensure progress of the business. References: Baron, D. (2010), Business and its environment, (1st ed.) Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall Bellia, C. Pilato, M. (2012). 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Wildlife Essays (824 words) - Habitat, Environmental Conservation

Wildlife The"cry of the wild" can still be heard across this great land. I have heard the bugle of an elk on the Great Plains...the shrill of a bald eagle along the banks of the mightily Mississippi...the roar of a brown eagle bear on windswept tundra...and the gobble of a wild turkey among western foothills. Amazing beauty can still be found in the natural landscapes of this great land. I have seen through televisions, articles, books, and newspapers the towering forests...pristine waters...rich wetlands...wide-open prairies...majestic mountains...and vast deserts alive with color. I am in awe by the complexity and wonder of the natural world. Truly, it is where you can find solace and peace. America is truly blessed. A land rich in natural resources----our sense of adventure, pioneering spirit, and tenacity. Irving Berlin's God Bless America, Woody Guthrie's This Land is Your Land, and Samuel Smith's America all declare a love and respect for this land we call "home." It is our duty to regain a love and respect for the land, its beauty, and life ?s comfort. The legacy of our natural resource heritage must be preserved. Education is the answer. Through writing my paper I have learned that endangered species is more than a name, it is a mission in-and-of-itself, a mission to keep safe our wildlife---forever. The earth is home to more than 5.2 billion people, each having certain needs, wants, and desires. The process of consumption drastically changes the natural landscape, an many cases to the wearing away of other species. Consumption transform vast quantities of natural resources, such as fossil fuels and trees, into countless products and mountains of waste. As such, it directly and indirectly impacts land use decisions including wetland drainage, the clearing of forest, mining, agricultural production, and development. Over time, the increasing affect of poor land use, decisions, and reckless use of natural resources have undermined the integrity and to keep up the ability of the natural world, resulting in global environmental reduction. In his book, Earth in the Balance---Ecology and the Human Spirit, Vice President Al Gore writes: "The disharmony in our relationship to the earth, which stems in part from our addiction to a pattern of consuming ever-larger quantities of the resources of the earth, is now manifest in successive crises, each marking a more destructive clash between our civilization and the natural world: whereas all threats to the environment used to be local and regional, several are now strategic . The loss of one and a half acres of rain forest every second, the sudden, thousand fold acceleration of the natural extinction rate for living species, the ozone hole above Antarctica and the thinning of the ozone layer at all latitudes, the possible destruction of the climate balance that makes our lives livable--all these suggest the increasingly violent collision between human civilization and the natural world. For civilization as a whole, the faith that is so essential to restore the balance now missing in our relationship to the earth is the faith that we have a future. We can believe in that future and work to achieve it and preserve it, or we can whirl blindly on, behaving as if one day there will be no children to inherit our legacy. The choice is ours; the earth is in the balance." What is the leading threat to wildlife? What does the word "threatened" mean? What does the word "endangered mean? Does extinction really mean gone forever? What happened to the Bald Eagle? The words"threatened" and "endangered" are used to describe the status of rare wildlife and plant species. Threatened is used to classify a species with dangerously low population numbers. The bald eagle is an example of a threatened wildlife species. And extinct is used to identify a species that no longer exists or has died out. The dusky seaside sparrow is an example of an extinct wildlife species. Persistent decline in wildlife populations led Congress to enact the Endangered Species in 1973. The act mandated the federal government to protect endangered wildlife, plant species, and their habitats. Today, there are over 1,000 species protected by the Endangered Species Act. Approximately 50 species are added each year. The loss of any species is cause for great concern. However, extinction occurs naturally as part of the process of evolution. In fact, paleontologists (one who studies the past geological periods) have yet to agree upon what caused dinosaurs to become extinct. Theories include a collision with a massive meteorite or the eruption of a volcano leading to drastic changes in climate conditions.

Tic tac toe Essay Example

Tic tac toe Essay Example Tic tac toe Paper Tic tac toe Paper Tln01nga goal weak methods: depth-first search (DFS), breadth-first search (BFS), constraint satisfaction (CSP) strong methods: use heuristics, A* search s goal nodes Tic Tac Toe Playing Strategies Two players human computer. The objective is to write a computer program in such a way that computer wins most of the time. Three approaches are presented to play this game which increase in Complexity Use of generalization Clarity of their knowledge Extensibility of their approach These approaches will move towards being representations of what we will call A1 techniques. Tic Tac Toe Board- (or Noughts and crosses, Xs and Os) It is two players, X and O, game who take turns marking the spaces in a 33 grid. The player who succeeds in placing three respective marks in a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal row wins the game. 2 4 5 6 8 9 7 positions Zero-Sum Games Focus primarily on adversarial games Two-player, zero-sum games As Player 1 gains strength Player 2 loses strength and vice versa The sum of the two strengths is always O. Search Applied to Adversarial Games Initial state Current board position (description of current game state) Operators Legal moves a player can make Terminal nodes Leaf nodes in the tree Indicate the game is over Utility function Payoff function Value of the outcome of a game Example: tic tac toe, utility is -1, O, or 1 Game Trees Tic tac toe Two players, MAX and MIN Moves (ana levels) alternate Detween two players Minimax Algorithm Search the tree to the end Assign utility values to terminal nodes Find the best move for MAX (on MAXS turn), assuming: MAX will make the move that maximizes MAXS utility MIN will make the move that minimizes MAXs utility Here, MAX should make the leftmost move Minimax applet Minimax Properties Complete if tree is finite Optimal if play against opponent with same strategy (utility function) Time complexity is O(bm) Space complexity is O(bm) (depth-first exploration) If we have 100 seconds to make a move Can explore 104 nodes/seco nd Can consider 106 nodes / move Standard approach is Apply a cutoff test (depth limit, quiescence) Evaluate nodes at cutoff (evaluation function estimates desirability of position) Alpha-Beta Pruning Typically can only look 3-4 ply in allowable chess time Alpha-beta pruning simplifies search space without eliminating optimality By applying common sense If one route allows queen to be captured and a better move is available Then dont search further down bad path If one route would be bad for opponent, ignore that route also Max 71 No need to look here! Maintain [alpha, beta] window at each node during depth-first search alpha bound, change at max levels beta = upper bound, change at min levels = lower Alpha Beta Properties Pruning does not affect final result Good move ordering improves effectiveness of pruning With perfect ordering, time complexity is Goals To reduce the space complexity Game can be played one or two players Builds High-Level Game Contain Levels